Crotalid Vaccine isn’t a commonly known vaccination. If you live in a state with rattlesnakes this vaccine may sound a bit more familiar. The crotalid vaccine is a toxoid used to neutralize the venom of Western Rattlesnakes. This vaccine is recommended to dog owners who live in states along the southwest such as California, Arizona, New Mexico or Texas.
Vaccines are typically given in two doses after four months of age, and once every year afterwards. There are two types of crotalid vaccines available in the US: “Antivenin Crotalidae Polyvalent (ACP) (Wyeth-Ayerst) and CroFab Crotalidae Polyvalent Immune Fab (Ovine) (BTG International Inc.)”
ACP was originally used for human use when faced with a western rattlesnake bite. However, over the years changes in dose and modification changes, allow it to be used on canines as well. ACP is not nearly as potent as Ovine because Ovine contains four different crotaline snake venoms that are individually prepared and later combined into one. Although Ovine is much more powerful than ACP, it contains smaller components (molecules) than Ovine, making it effective for a shorter amount of time. Thus, Ovine is typically given in more frequent doses. One other factor when it comes to ACP and Ovine, is that Ovine can also help neutralize bites from other snakes such as eastern cottonmouth and eastern rattlesnake.
Even with vaccination, any dog bitten by a snake should still receive Veterinary attention right away. While vaccines can help neutralize some of the venom, more attention may be needed. Typically antivenom and IV fluids are still necessary for the best chance of a full recovery. It’s important to know that anaphylaxis and serum sickness, which are allergic reactions to a treatment method and sometimes severe, can be potential side effects of dogs receiving antivenom treatment at the Veterinarian’s office. If you live in these areas where snakes are abundant, make sure to check your surroundings before letting your dog in the backyard or while going for a walk – you never know what could be lurking.
